I do have a question about finding the grain of knit fabrics at the very end of this post, so if you are knowledgeable about sewing with knits, please help a girl out!!! Scroll down to the ** if you want to skip the alteration details.
I’ve been cutting out fabric for cloth diapers for the past few weeks (more on that in a later post) and consequently have been in a sewing state of mind lately. Maternity clothes are not particularly fitted, and many are made of stretchy knits, so this seemed to be a fairly forgiving wardrobe for a novice sewer. I figured, why not make my nth attempt at sewing garments?
The pregnancy is not really showing yet, but my shirts and pants are starting to get uncomfortable. Matt and I went window shopping (on Black Friday, at the Mall of America, because it’s fun) to look at maternity clothes. The t-shirts that I saw in the maternity shops seemed pretty straightforward. I saw no bust darts, the body shapes sometimes were A-line and sometimes not, and the front hems were curved and about 1/2 to 1 inch longer than the back hems. Some had ruched side seams with matching ruched sleeves.
I began with a basic t-shirt pattern from Burda. You can download it for free here. Click on “Basic” in the dropdown menu, and the pattern is called “Lydia 3197.” It prints out in a tiled array that you tape together. Here’s the basic pattern schematic:

Although I’ve done very little actual sewing, I’ve had an interest in garment construction for years and years – I own at least 7 books on fitting, have been a Threads subscriber for nearly a decade, and even have a fabric stash that is… Well, let’s say it’s about 1/10th the size of my yarn stash. Conclude from that what you will.
I pulled out 2 Sandra Betzina books, Power Sewing and Fast Fit. I don’t have enough experience to know whether these are mediocre, good, or great fitting books… But I have to start somewhere. I began by measuring myself and a shirt that fits well in the upper half of the torso. I picked a pattern size on the basis of the bust measurement and measured the flat pattern pieces to see what needed adjustments. Most of the alterations were made to the front of the t-shirt.
1) The pattern has no bust darts, so I added “contour” by cutting at the bust line, adding 1/2 inch in length, and curving the side for ~5 inches. This curved edge will be ease-stitched and steamed to restore the original length of the side. The results should be very similar to short-row bust increases in knitting. I had some difficulty deciding where the bust line was located. I measured the distance from the middle of my shoulder to the bust point and the distance between bust points and sort of guessed at where these 2 measurements might intersect. I ended up picking a line that was slightly more than 2 inches below the armscye cutting line.
2) I lengthened the entire bodice by 2 1/2 inches. Most maternity tops are tunic style to ensure that you’re not accidentally baring your belly. I cut the pattern at the waist and added the length there.
3) I split the pattern in half vertically (left a tiny bit intact at the shoulder to act as a hinge) and spread it by 1 inch at the bottom hem. This will add up to 2 inches to the front width and allow the hem to curve down in the front. I left the side shaping as it was and did not make it A-line.
4) I changed the front and back neckline. I dislike high crew neck shirts, and I copied the wider and deeper neckline of a t-shirt that I own. I folded the shirt in half, aligned the shoulder seams and the front center of the shirt to the pattern, and traced the line to redraw the curve. I did not add a seam allowance because the edge will be bound (not faced). The neckline is wider than the original, so I placed the front and back pattern pieces together, matching the shoulder seams at the armscye. I marked where the new back neckline began and changed the depth.
Here’s the front after all the alterations:

I used French curves to smooth out the curved areas. I’ve never used them before and am not entirely sure I was applying them correctly, but it seems to be OK.

These are all the pattern pieces:

I’ve had commercial t-shirts with twisted side seams after washing. I assume that is because the pattern was not laid precisely on the grain when the pieces were cut.
** My question **
How do you align pattern pieces on the grain of knit fabric?
The fabric in this project is cotton interlock (double knit), very thin, drapey, and probably prone to stretching. Aligning the selvedges and hoping for the best seemed risky to me. I had difficulty seeing individual columns of knit stitches in the fabric because they were so small, but I tried thread tracing a line of stitches anyway. However, after a foot or so, I realized I had veered off in a curve.
I folded the fabric to roughly the width that I needed and identified a single column of knit stitches. I pushed a pin through at the very edge and caught just the 1 column. I moved down 2 or 3 inches, following the column at the fold, and pinned it again. I repeated this until I had identified enough fabric to accommodate the pattern piece.

I held it up by the folded edge, shook out the fabric, and laid it as flat as possible. I smoothed out the wrinkles in both layers with my hand, trying not to stretch the fabric.

And that’s how I think I found the grain. It was very painstaking and probably still not very precise. Is there a better way?
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The only thing I know about sewing is that using jersey/knit fabrics is very difficult. Good luck! I don’t sew but I’d love know the answer to this question.
Comment by Maggie 11.28.07 @ 10:34 amI’m going to contradict Maggie and say that sewing knits is not all that difficult
. Make sure to add that reinforcement tape in the shoulder seams, and everything else is similar to cotton. Now, about the biasing. I think biasing occurs not because the fabric wasn’t cut on grain, but because the thread used to knit the fabric wasn’t balanced. In other words, if you take a rectangle of knit fabric, put it through the washer and dryer, you’ll end up with a parallelogram. Remember when you taught me about balanced yarn?? Hee! But of course you want to cut on grain regardless… that can only help. I actually do what you started to do – fold in half selvedge to selvedge, stand in front of the mirror and reposition the two layers against each other until everything hangs perfectly without any pleats or wrinkles. And of course put the fabric through the wash before beginning… to see if there’s any bias surprise at the end!
Looks like you have done a splendid job so far. A lot more, honestly, than I would have done for a t-shirt, but that’s beside the point. I think a lot of knitted fabric skews one direction or another. I don’t think it’s balance, it can happen with some handknitting, I have noticed it in some of my own knitting with certain yarns. I personally wash the fabric first – then fold along a general lengthwise central fold – regardless of my selvages and I adjust the fold while holding it up to eyeball the drape. It’s all about how it hangs, so let it hang and trust your gut. I am not crazy about sewing with knits, but I have. Yes, reinforce the shoulder seams. I think you’re on the right track. Make one and let’s take a look at it. Then you can make several. Oh, and get started on your Mommy Snug.
Comment by Julia 11.28.07 @ 11:05 amYou did what I usually do to find the grain. In my experience, trying to align the selveges in knits can be a recipe for disaster since they are frequently stretched out and wonky from being wound onto the bolt. Luckily being close–within an inch or so–is good enough for most tshirts.
And the Sandra Betzina books are my go-to fitting books for the rare occasions when I pull out the sewing machines.
Comment by Rosemary 11.28.07 @ 11:11 amJune, I’ve sewn for many years, and what you’re doing is correct. Grumperina gives good advice too — be sure to wash the fabric so you have no surprises after sewing. If you have a serger, I recommend using it for the actual sewing except for any top stitching. If you don’t have a serger, you may want to use a zigzag stitch and be sure to use an appropriate machine needle for knits. Universal needles usually work well, but if you’re using a wool jersey, for example, or slinky knit, you may want to use a ballpoint needle.
Topstitching should be done using either a double needle (which will make a zigzag stitch on the back) — watch your machine’s tension with it — not too tight, not too loose, do a sample on leftover fabric from cutting it out — or just a straight stitch.
Your pattern looks fine and it looks as if you’re using the French curves appropriately to smooth out the shaping.
If you have a self-healing mat and a rotary cutter, that makes it easier to cut out knits (and just about anything) in my opinion. You can use weights or even canned food to weigh the pattern down on the fabric instead of pinning (you probably know all of this from Threads).
Okay, I’ll shut up for now. It looks great — good luck!
Comment by lauragayle 11.28.07 @ 12:02 pmAll I’ve ever sewn with was cotton or flannel, so no help. You’re super-brave to sew your own maternity clothes (although I admit that from the selection out there, I’ve considered it myself too!) For T-shirts, I’m just buying bigger sizes, and I also ordered a “geek inside” (like “Intel inside”) maternity T from thinkgeek.com. My best maternity finds (I’ve been obsessed with pants) have been at Ross and Kohl’s.
Comment by Kim 11.28.07 @ 1:35 pmYou did great!! What a mind. :>)
Comment by Judy 11.28.07 @ 3:46 pmNothing to add on the sewing topic, but just a little tip about pants: if your current trousers/jeans whatever have a button close at the waist, you can loop a hair elastic through the buttonhole and over the button to give some expansion for the early days when zipped all the way & buttoned is too tight. Tunics will cover that nicely. That way, you’ve still got those pants when you’re ready to wear them post-baby. I preserved my favorite jeans when I was pregnant 34 yrs ago, when maternity clothes were definitely matronly (and I was NOT a matron).
Comment by Anne C. 11.28.07 @ 3:58 pmI, also, just wash and smooth out the fabric. I don’t bother pinning along the grain. After it’s smooth you’ll notice that the cut ends are askew. That just confirms Grumperina’s observations that the threads are not balanced, but your t-shirt will hang properly.
Comment by Charleen 11.28.07 @ 6:39 pmI really can’t offer any advice on finding the grain of knits – I usually work with prints, which generally makes it a bit easier, and I also pretty much only do kids’ clothes, so it’s not so noticeable if it’s wonky. I just kind of lay it flat and do my best to eyeball it, I guess. But I’m a fly-by-the-seat-of-my-pants sort of sewist.
And there is nothing cuter than tiny little newborn diapers. I sewed one up for a gift this summer and almost cried from the babylust it induced. Sad, I know.
Comment by Jess 11.28.07 @ 11:09 pmI sewed a bunch a maternity t-shirts when I was pregnant, based on a Burda pattern and a favorite commercial made maternity t-shirt. My favorite thing about the t-shirt was that it wasn’t as big in the back as it was in the front. In other words, the front piece was much more a-line shaped than the back, since the front is where most of weight gain is. I think the back was a little wider than normal t-shirts to accomodate wider hips, but I didn’t feel like I was wearing a tent in these t-shirts.
You probably already know this, but it’s good to use a slight zig-zag stitch when sewing your seams so they stretch with the fabric.
Comment by Penny 11.29.07 @ 9:35 amI don’t know much about sewing, but I wanted to add a tiny note of caution — you say you picked the size on your current bust measurements and a shirt that fits you well in the upper torso. It sounds as though you’ve added some ease in that area already, which is good. Sometimes, as in my case, this part of the body can change over the course of a pregnancy rather quickly and drastically. So allow lots of ease in the bust area, more than you think is necessary.
Comment by AuntieAnn 11.29.07 @ 11:36 amMy stay-at-home-mom friend has an in-home business distributing cloth diapers and all the accoutrements (sp?).
http://www.thenaturallifestore.com/
Just in case you haven’t read much about fabrics, the fabrics used for cloth diapers are important, as well as what you use to wash them with (many (especially “earth friendly”) detergents leave residues that cause wicking), not having lotion on your hands (which will keep the fabric from absorbing, etc.).
There is information on her website about these issues that I think you’ll find helpful when you’re choosing fabrics, etc., as you make your own cloth diapers.
And way to go, June! Cloth diapers are the way to go!
Comment by Angela 11.29.07 @ 11:45 amWash and dry the knit fabric once or even twice. Making sure you have a nice big area for your cutting surface, just carefully fold the knit in half or thirds leaving the fold itself sort of still rounded. Then smooth the rest of the fabric down. Look for any tendency to create wrinkles radiating from the center. If it smooths down easily with no wrinkles, you’re close enough to true grain on a knit to work.
On a single knit you might want to fuss a little more for true grain, but double knits areso structured vertically that they fall naturally almost to a true grain.
I’ve been sewing tshirts and boxers and pants from knits of all descriptions for years and can tell you that there really isn’t any reason to overthink or overengineer them.
Your chestal appendages will grow enormously and become very sore during the months of your pregnancy. The girls who start out with the littlest ones often see the most growth. Not that you’ll make centerfold quantity, but after being so tiny to start with, swelling up 2 or even 4 cup sizes can be startling. The easy way to add room for extra bits is to add an inch or so of extra length right at the bust point and ease the side seam in that vicinity. A little gathering at the center can help keep it under control. Think about altering some tops for nursing too. If you think about convertible flip-top mittens, you can do pretty much the same thing with tees, especially with the princess line that is popular now.
The whole trick with knit fabric is in the sewing. I’m going to break every rule out there and tell you I HATE sergers. with a passion. like you can’t believe. The biggest reason is because they stretch the sewn edge and make everything hang funny. I use a sewn zigzag stitch set with a very short stitch length and not too wide a zigzag for the seam. Then because I’m insanely anal, I finish the seams with the same stitch, sewing directly over the raw edge. After you sew the seam the first time, press the raw edges out and then sew them down in a cheap imitation of a flat fell seam. Believe me, they will hang nicer and wear better than serger seams. You can make your own funky fake ribbing too, using a twin needle and sewing little pintucks into a piece of the plain knit fabric. Matching rib fabric to most plain knits is tough to impossible.
Now, because I am a bad person I am going to tell you to go to the Mill End Fabric Outlet in Rochester. They have 7 or 8 stores now, a bunch up around the cities and one out by Fargo and one in Wisconsin, I think, but the one in Rochester is the BEST. Having a certain difficulty with cheapness, I managed to accumulate several thousand yards over the 7 years I ran Minnesota and never left the bargain yards tables (unless they had everything on 30%off or more). And I have a LOT of knits. Tell the girls that the crazy truck driver from NJ misses them and their sales.
lin
Comment by Linda Missimer 11.30.07 @ 5:18 pm




